It is true that no business can operate without fund and fund can be received only by capital or loan . If company or corporate wants to get capital , it should make some division for this purpose. After this shares can be issued first time to public . For company accountant , its knowledge is must .
We can explain main divisions of share capital of company with following way :-
1st - Registered or authorised or nominal capital
That part of total capital with whom company wants to register , that part is called authorised capital . This the maximum amount that can any company issue to public for getting capital fund . Still there is not quantity limit for authorised capital determination under Indian Company Act 1956 .
2nd Issued Capital
It is that part of authorised capital which is offered to public to acquire , that part is called issued capital .
3rd Subscribed Capital
It is that part of issued capital which is accepted by public. Subscribed capital can not more than issued capital . If it happen than it will be over subscription and it will be rejected or accepted under pro-rata basis for providing proper accounting treatment .
4th Called up Capital
It is that part of issued capital which is to be paid by shareholders . Company has demanded money of this part . If shareholder does not pay called up capital , then this part becomes call in arrears .
5th Paid Up capital
It is that part of called up capital which is paid by shareholders and after this they can become real owner of company.
6th Reserve capital
One company can determine with special resolution that some part of total subscribed capital will not demanded from shareholder and it is not demand up to the winding up of company . That part of capital is called reserve capital . It can not be changed in general capital with the permission of Court . Board of directors also can not change it in normal capital . It is most benefited for company's creditors . because , this amount can be utilized for payment to creditors at the time of liquidation of company.
There is no need to do any accounting treatment for reserve capital but a small note is written in balance sheet in which company mentions the amount of reserve capital and other interested parties can focus on this note .
For instance
A company has Rs. 20000000 as its authorised capital divide into 1000000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each and 200000 pref. shares of Rs. 50 each. Company issued 800000 equity shares and 100000 preference shares . The public subscribed for 600000 equity shares and 100000 pref. shares . All shareholders paid the amount with the exceptionof 50000 equity shares @ Rs. 5 per share . Calculate the amount of various types of share capital .
Authorised capital
1000000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each → Rs. 10000000
200000 pref. shares of Rs. 50 each → Rs. 10000000
___________________________________________
---------------------------------------> Rs. 20000000
___________________________________________
Issued Capital
800000 Equity shares of Rs. 10 each → Rs. 8000000
100000 pref. share of Rs. 50 each → Rs. 5000000
__________________________________________
----------------------------------------> Rs. 13000000
__________________________________________
Subscribed capital
600000 equity shares of Rs . 10 each → Rs. 6000000
100000 pref. share of Rs. 50 each → Rs. 5000000
___________________________________________
---------------------------------------> Rs. 11000000
___________________________________________
Called up capital
600000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each
Called up only Rs. 8 per share → Rs 4800000
100000 pref. shares called up @ Rs. 40 each → Rs. 4000000
____________________________________________
------------------------------------------------> Rs. 8800000
____________________________________________
Paid up capital
Called up equity capital less calls in arears
of Rs. 5 each --------------------------------→ Rs. 4550000
paid up capital of pref. shares ---------------→ Rs. 4000000
_____________________________________________
----------------------------------------------> Rs. 8550000
_____________________________________________
We can explain main divisions of share capital of company with following way :-
1st - Registered or authorised or nominal capital
That part of total capital with whom company wants to register , that part is called authorised capital . This the maximum amount that can any company issue to public for getting capital fund . Still there is not quantity limit for authorised capital determination under Indian Company Act 1956 .
2nd Issued Capital
It is that part of authorised capital which is offered to public to acquire , that part is called issued capital .
3rd Subscribed Capital
It is that part of issued capital which is accepted by public. Subscribed capital can not more than issued capital . If it happen than it will be over subscription and it will be rejected or accepted under pro-rata basis for providing proper accounting treatment .
4th Called up Capital
It is that part of issued capital which is to be paid by shareholders . Company has demanded money of this part . If shareholder does not pay called up capital , then this part becomes call in arrears .
5th Paid Up capital
It is that part of called up capital which is paid by shareholders and after this they can become real owner of company.
6th Reserve capital
One company can determine with special resolution that some part of total subscribed capital will not demanded from shareholder and it is not demand up to the winding up of company . That part of capital is called reserve capital . It can not be changed in general capital with the permission of Court . Board of directors also can not change it in normal capital . It is most benefited for company's creditors . because , this amount can be utilized for payment to creditors at the time of liquidation of company.
There is no need to do any accounting treatment for reserve capital but a small note is written in balance sheet in which company mentions the amount of reserve capital and other interested parties can focus on this note .
For instance
A company has Rs. 20000000 as its authorised capital divide into 1000000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each and 200000 pref. shares of Rs. 50 each. Company issued 800000 equity shares and 100000 preference shares . The public subscribed for 600000 equity shares and 100000 pref. shares . All shareholders paid the amount with the exceptionof 50000 equity shares @ Rs. 5 per share . Calculate the amount of various types of share capital .
Authorised capital
1000000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each → Rs. 10000000
200000 pref. shares of Rs. 50 each → Rs. 10000000
___________________________________________
---------------------------------------> Rs. 20000000
___________________________________________
Issued Capital
800000 Equity shares of Rs. 10 each → Rs. 8000000
100000 pref. share of Rs. 50 each → Rs. 5000000
__________________________________________
----------------------------------------> Rs. 13000000
__________________________________________
Subscribed capital
600000 equity shares of Rs . 10 each → Rs. 6000000
100000 pref. share of Rs. 50 each → Rs. 5000000
___________________________________________
---------------------------------------> Rs. 11000000
___________________________________________
Called up capital
600000 equity shares of Rs. 10 each
Called up only Rs. 8 per share → Rs 4800000
100000 pref. shares called up @ Rs. 40 each → Rs. 4000000
____________________________________________
------------------------------------------------> Rs. 8800000
____________________________________________
Paid up capital
Called up equity capital less calls in arears
of Rs. 5 each --------------------------------→ Rs. 4550000
paid up capital of pref. shares ---------------→ Rs. 4000000
_____________________________________________
----------------------------------------------> Rs. 8550000
_____________________________________________
good
ReplyDeleteDear Sir, what is the book entry we need to pass for the above example.
ReplyDeleteIf you can email these entry at my email address mvshah54@yahoo.com, will be highly appriciated.